Early data archived at the ILL

Ron Ghosh, reghosh (at) gmail.com, November 2018


Data storage at th ILL evolved from individual file formats saved on early mini-computers, storage of step scanning instruments (CARINE Telemecanique T2000) and multichannel instruments (NICOLE Telefunken TR86) using 9 track tape which then transferred to the Central Computer. A limited amount of metadata was stored with the counting information. As networks were added to offer an alternative transfer method more systematic formats were adopted, though data were still held in binary (initially 36-bit PDP10, later 32-bit VAX-VMS).

During the long shutdown 91-95 the changeover to Unix was initiated and all archived data were converted to ASCII and compressed. A standardised extensible layout was adopted for all instrument data. The VMS Datatrieve archival system was supeseded by a simple file-directory based system with data identified by year/cycle_number, instrument, and run number. As new data were acquired extracts were added to a simple catalogue in each directory. The ILL web tool IDA can search these catalogues using wildcards or more specific date or short-title (NOMEXP - 10 character) information. The variety of earlier data makes it more difficult to complete these catalogues. By searching the datafiles it is however possible to construct simple lists of contents. Prioritising instruments where such data remains exploitable, useful, and interesting, the links below lead to these lists. The data remain safely archived at the ILL to whom applications must be made for further access. Re-use of these data also requires inspection of the instrument log-books of the time to complement the limited metadata in the measurements now included in the current ASCII and HDF/NeXus data files.

List of number of cycles with data still available for ILL instruments 1973-91


Links lead to summary indexes for interesting data with historical or future value

	73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91

d1a	 3  4     6  5  6  6  5  5  5  4  3  3  5  5  3  6  5  1 TG powders
d1b	          6  6  6  6  5  4  5  3  5  3  5  4  5  6  5  1 TG powders
d2	 3  1  1  6  6  6  6  4           			 T  powders
d2b	                                  2  2  3  4  5  6  5  1 T  powders
d3	                            1                 5  6  5  1 H  magnetic single crystal.
d4b	                                           3  3  6  3  1 H  liquids
d7	 4  1     6  6  6  6  6  2  4  3  5  3  5  3  5  6  5  1 CG diffuse/magnetic
d9                6  6  6  6  6  5  5  4  5  3  5  4  5  5  5  1 T  single crystal
d10	 3  1  1  6  5  3  2  4  3  5  4  5  2  5  4  5  5  5  1 TG single crystal
d11	 3  3  6  6  6  6  5  6  4  5  4  5  3  5  5  5  6  5  1 CG SANS
d15	                         3  4  2  5  3  5  4  5  6  5  1 T  single crystal               
d16	                         3  3  3  4  3  4  4  5  6  5  1 CG membranes/fibres     
d17	          1  6  5  6  6  5  5  4  5  3  5  4  5  6  5  1 CG SANS
in1	 3  1     4  5  4  4  4  4  5  4  5  3  5  2  5  5  5  1 H  3-axis inelastic
in3 	                                           2  5  5  5  1 TG 3-axis inelastic
in4	 4  1     6  6  6  6  6  4  4  3  4  3  5  5  4  6  5  1 T  thermal ToF inelastic
in5	 3  1  6  6  6  6  6  6  4  5  4  5  3  4  1  5  5  5  1 CG quasi-elastic ToF
in6	                            5  4  5  3  5  1  5  5  5  1 CG quasi-elastic Tof
in8	             3  6  3  2                    3  5  5  5  1 T  3-axis inelastic
in10						5     5  6  5  1 CG micro-eV quasi-elastic
in11	                                           1  5  6  5  1 CG spin-echo
in12							         CG 3-axis inelastic
in13	                         3  3  3  4  3  5     4  5  5  1 TG quasi-elastic
in14 	                                              2  5  5  1 CG 3-axis inelastic
in20	                                           2  5  5  5  1 T  3-axis inelastic

T  thermal beam-tube
TG thermal guide
H  hot source
CG cold guide

At the Neutron scattering meeting in Gatlinberg in 1976, for the first time novel results from the ILL were presented by over 30 participants from the ILL. After a few years of operation the conventional instruments could match others around the world, primarly due to the high fluxes available at the ILL. Of major concern to the Americans especially was the range of experiments which had been performed mainly by university rather than Neutron institute members using the newly constructed instruments on the extremely high performance cold source.at the ILL. Prototype instruments had been constructed earlier on medium flux reactors but these bore invaluable fruit when developed and updated for use with the neutron guide-tubes at the ILL. Thus small angle scattering, a low resolution technique with huge dynamic range, and high resolution quasi-elastic scattering featured as experiments impossible to match in the USA. Novel data from this period prompted a complete change across the world in the range of problems covered by neutron scattering.


Instrument Classes

Early measurements concentrated on high resolution, hence long measuring times and small data volumes. Only with the 2eme Souffle (1978- ) were bigger detector arrays introduced and better control systems allowing faster experiments scanning temperature and external constraints, probing more configuration space. A description of data from the CARINE system for each instrument is given in the report ILL07BA01T (Barthelemy et al., 1973). For the NICOLE multichannel instruments there were few metadata in addition to counts. With the replacement project, NICOLE II, much was added and is described (with updates) in note ILL89GH3 (Ghosh,1982,1989). Annotated examples of these data reformatted as ascii files are given in each section.

SANS Small Angle Scattering D11 and D17

Here are annotated examples of these data files.

The D11 instrument (Schmatz, Ibel), a pinhole instrument with a 64x64 1cm pixel multidetector was a world beating instrument from its first operation. With up to 40m collimation distance and 40m distance from sample to detector, and neutron wavelengths from 4.5A to over 30A there was enormous demand from a wide range of experimenters. Each experiment usually included calibration information, hence these data, together with information from the logbooks, can still be examined with analysis software on current computers.

Single crystal diffraction D3, D8, D9, D10, D15

Here are annotated examples of these data files.

Most raw counts data were immediately treated to extract structure factors, hence there is very limited demand for raw data.

Powder Diffraction

Here are annotated examples of these data files.

The count-angle information remains easy to exploit, hence there remains real value in these data covering a wide number of experimental fields.

Diffraction from liquids and glasses D4

Here are annotated examples of these data files.

Isotope substitution to resolve partial structure factors required an instrument with extremely high long-term stability (Chieux) to allow the comparison of the different isotopic compositions.

3-axis inelastic scattering measurements IN1 IN2 IN3 IN8 IN12 IN14 IN20

Here are annotated examples of these data files.

The highly selective scans in (Q,omega) were chosen to test specific models for the large single crystals investigated. There was little post-processing of these data.

High Resolution Quasi-elastic scattering IN5, IN10, IN6, IN11, IN13

Here are annotated examples of these data files.

These instruments made possible the measurement of slow relaxation processes in polymers in bulk and solution. Fundamental liquid properties of the linewidth of the 4He roton were performed, and liquid 3He dynamics were measured for the first time. Molecular reorientations in plastic and liquid crystals too were measured extensively.

Other Time of Flight instruments, D7, IN4, IN7

These were used in magnetic diffuse scattering, molecular spectroscopy, including adsorbed species, and crystal field energies. The latter two were challenged by instruments developed later on pulsed sources.

Nuclear Physics

The fission fragment spectrometer, Lohengrin, the three gamma-ray spectrometers, and BILL, the conversion electron spectrometer were used to study nuclear structure and nuclear energy level schemes.

Re-reading the early data archive

A few notes are included here on re-reading the PDP-10 tape images which were copied to CDROM on the VMS systems. The ILL utility SPECTRA (Blanchard, 1986) used DEC-datatrieve based software archive data for treatment (and was the source of the most of the ascii archive, Only the CDROM disks remain, mostly readable. Data from the PDP11 and VMS epochs are in 512 byte records, and can be read fairly easily even on linux. The early data was from a 36 bit computer, writing in 5 byte words, so there are a few more hurdles to recover certain data which were missed by SPECTRA. .